Results

D2.2 Gravimetric Survey: Lopín Structure, Onshore - Ebro Basin, Spain

Within the framework of the project “CO2 Geological Pilots in Strategic Territories (pilotSTRATEGY)”, a gravimetric survey was carried out with the aim of improving the knowledge of the Lopín structure (Ebro Basin ‐ onshore). This gravimetric study, allowed filling the existing gaps of information and represents the first step to carry on the development, monitoring and implementation of this potential Pilot Site.

D2.1 - Target area of Paris Basin Region (FR): Data inventory, seismic target and GAP analysis

This report presents the CO2 storage area in France to be fully characterised in PilotSTRATEGY and the target for the 3D seismic survey. This report also includes an inventory of available data in the selected area and a gap analysis.

D2.11 Report on the regional hydrogeology of the three study areas: Paris Basin – France, Lusitanian Basin – Portugal, Ebro Basin – Spain

This deliverable is part of the geo‐characterization work package (WP2) of PilotSTRATEGY and focuses on the regional hydrogeological systems of each of the three regions selected for full characterization of the storage complex, in the Paris Basin (onshore France), the Lusitanian Basin (offshore Portugal) and the Ebro Basin (onshore Spain). The report provides a description of the regional aquifers (permeable units) within each studied onshore sedimentary basin from the target reservoir to the surface. When the targeted reservoir is located offshore, the review uses the onshore hydrogeological system as a proxy for the offshore storage area.

D2.3 Seismic acquisition for Paris Basin plus survey results and interpretation

This deliverable is a detailed report of the 3D seismic acquisition conducted in the Paris Basin – Grandpuits area for the PilotSTRATEGY project and preliminary seismic interpretation.

A full detailed explanation of the workflow and parameters used for seismic acquisition is presented in the current report. Design, permitting, acquisition, quality control and pre‐processing of the campaign were carried out by Smart Seismic Solutions (S³), third party partner of the project, from December 2021 to July 2022. The acquisition itself (layout of the receivers, vibration, collection of the receivers) took place over a period of only 5 weeks from mid‐May until the end of June.

D2.5 Report on Local Seismicity for Lusitanian & Ebro Basins, including Earthquake Catalog

This deliverable reports on the assessment and monitoring of local seismicity in the PilotSTRATEGY target areas of Lopin (Spain) and the Lusitanian basin, offshore from Figueira da Foz (Portugal). Pre-injection monitoring is an essential task for any CO₂ injection project, to establish a baseline of natural and any man-made seismicity (such as explosions associated with quarrying). If CO₂ injection were to induce a seismic event, then knowing the natural pattern and intensity of seismic activity would be essential.

D2.6 Petrophysics Report of all Regions

This deliverable reports on the petrophysical data collected for all sites in France, Spain (offshore and onshore), Portugal and Greece. The source of information and sample gathering can be extremely variable: for France and Spain (onshore), well samples were available from the oil exploration period and in the case of Spain onshore, outcrop samples were analysed as well; in Spain offshore and Portugal, well log data were used essentially together with a few samples; in Greece, outcrop samples were used. For each region, a brief geological description is made to describe the formation target and the general context.

D2.7 Conceptual Geological Models

This report summarises the work conducted as part of work package 2, task 2.3 (Conceptual Geological Models) of the PilotSTRATEGY project that contributed to this Deliverable 2.7, Geological Models of the 3 areas. Much of the data collected in WP2.3 is not included here, but has been passed to PilotSTRATEGY work package 3, for the construction of static and dynamic digital reservoir models for the modelling of CO₂ injection and CO₂ behaviour in the storage complex. The 3 areas concerned in this report (Portugal, Spain, France) have worked semi‐independently on this WP, but with most collaboration between the 2 Iberian countries as the areas share some characteristics. All 3 areas use similar types of subsurface data (though of widely varying vintages and quality), and have utilised analytical techniques that are largely derived from the oil and gas exploration and production industry. With one offshore area, 2 onshore ones, and 1 carbonate reservoir and 2 clastic ones, the challenges of the areas vary considerably. Hence, each area is described separately, though similarities in methods will be seen. The report has a relatively short summary of each area, which is intended to be relatively easily read, followed by a more detailed Annex with a full description of data, methods and a summary of the results.

D2.7 Geological Models Annex (Ebro Basin, Spain)

The study area is situated near the southern edge of the Ebro basin, which is located in the northeastern region of the Iberian Peninsula. In particular, the study area lies near the northern boundary of the Aragonese branch of the Iberian Chain. This basin has a triangular shape and serves as the foreland basin for the Pyrenees, Iberian Chain, and Catalan Coastal Ranges located north, south, and east, respectively. The formation of the foreland basin commenced during the Paleocene, induced by flexural subsidence resulting from the development of these three mountain ranges (e.g. Pardo et al., 2004). Towards the central part of the Ebro Basin, the structure corresponds to a gentle syncline (the Ebro syncline, Quirantes, 1978), which was interpreted, based on surface (mapping and structural data) and subsurface (wells and seismic reflection data) data, as a bending fold that accommodated the slight reactivation of WNW-ESE basement faults originated at the beginning of the Mesozoic extension (Arlegui and Simón, 2001).

D2.7 Geological Models Annex (Paris Basin – Grandpuits, France)

This document aims to provide a summary and guidelines to complete the deliverable 2.7 of the PilotSTRATEGY Project.

The deliverable 2.7 corresponds to the Work Package 2 (Geocharacterization) of task 2.3 ‐Conceptual Geological Models‐. It should materialize the sub task 2.3.2 whose objective is “to develop the geological models for the 3 areas of study; Geological model based on facies analysis from available cores and cuttings, field analogues, log analysis, surface data and depositional environments, integrated with seismic stratigraphic and structural interpretations where available”.

D2.7 Geological Models Annex (Portugal)

This document aims to provide additional information to complete the deliverable 2.7, task 2.3 of work package 2 (WP2, Geocharacterization) of the PilotSTRATEGY Project. Detailed description of the regional geological framework, including sedimentological, structural, and stratigraphical characterization is presented in section 3 – Regional Geological Characterization. The characterization of the storage complex is presented in section 4 – Storage Complex Characterization, and a comprehensive facies analysis of the reservoir and the seal in section 5 – Facies analysis. Section 6 includes the analysis of some outcrops, and in section 7 – Depositional Environments and Geological Conceptual Model, as a conclusion, the main deposition environments of the area of interest and some notes on the conceptual geological model, are stated.

D2.8 Report on Geomechanical results for the 3 areas

This deliverable reports on the geomechanical data collected for all sites in France, Spain (offshore and onshore), Portugal and Greece. The source of information and sample gathering can be extremely variable: for France and Spain (onshore), well samples were available from the oil exploration period; in Spain offshore and Portugal, well log data were used essentially together with a few samples; in Greece, outcrop samples were used. For each region, a brief geological description is made to describe the formation target and the general context.

D3.2 Report on static modelling with uncertainties

This report summarizes the work that has been performed in the WorkPackage 3, “WP3, Static and Dynamic modelling”, task 3.1, “Static modelling and Uncertainties”.

The objective of this task was to build a 3D geological model covering all the targeted area as defined in WorkPackage 2 (“WP2, Geo‐characterization”) for the choice of the pilot location. The domain contains the storage complex zone (reservoir and caprock), and the underburden and overburden to fit the purposes of the related tasks (3.2, 3.3 and 3.4). Static models are a crucial step for the upcoming dynamic modelling to estimate storage capacity and provide the basis for the risk analysis. While pursuing the efforts on this task, regular knowledge‐sharing sessions were committed between partners involved in this WP3.1, and all benefited support from AspenTech on best practices for modelling, in particular for using Aspen Skua software.

This task relied heavily on data that were collected and processed in WP2. Thus, the quality of this work results also from a strong involvement, communication, and data exchange between WP2 and WP3.

D3.3 Report on optimization – Injection strategy and storage capacity

Dynamic simulations have been performed to assess the storage capacity and integrity of the PilotSTRATEGY’s pilot site of Lopín (Ebro Basin, Spain). Main objective of this study consisted in the definition of the CO₂ injector location and an optimal injection strategy considering the associated potential risks. For this, a sensitivity analyses was performed based on the reservoir characterization and identification of the main uncertainties to be quantified using numerical simulation approach, where static properties presented the most impacting influence on results.

D4.1 Methodology for alternatives definition, prioritisation, and selection

The objective of the WP4 is to provide complete information of the optimum development concept applicable to the proposed pilots of Paris Basin (FR), Lusitanian Basin (PT) and Ebro Basin (ES) to go ahead with the decision of whether this pilot is viable technically, commercially, considering social and environmental demands and in the existing European and local regulatory frame. Although each team worked independently and focus on their area particularities, it is concluded a lot of similarities between then. The most relevant is that was (still) somewhat unclear the main goal of the project: pilot or commercial development. After discussion, all now agree that the main goal is to design a carbon pilot injection storage site, and in the case of Spain and Portugal, to check the possibility of upgrade to commercial scale. Other relevant point is the need to qualitatively define the criteria for the pilot’s success.

D4.2 Conceptual scenarios definition to enable decision support

The objective of the WP4 is to provide complete information on the optimum development concept applicable to the proposed pilots. The development concept and its viability decision must be based on strategic information to identify and address existing risks and to commit available resources, maximising the potential for success. This strategic information was identified during a framing session phase conducted previously in the project and summarised in the D4.1 public deliverable “Methodology for alternatives definition, Prioritisation, and Selection,” published in May 2023, for Paris Basin, Lusitanian Basin, and Ebro Basin. In this document in also described the results for West Macedonian and Silesia regions, carried out in October 2023 and September 2023, respectively.

This report shows the different strategies outlined by every region involved in the PilotSTRATEGY projects, before a comprehensive analysis of those strategies and their associated scenarios.

D4.4 Injector well and injection facilities design: methodology, definition, and recommendations

This document serves as a high‐level guide for the design process of a CO₂ injector well and its related facilities. In general terms, the knowledge from Oil & Gas industry is applicable to CO₂ injector well but taking in mind the most notable differences: the need to ensure an ideal pressure and temperature to inject the CO₂, the casing material to avoid corrosion, and the HSE processes to monitor the progress of the CO₂ plume. This deliverable facilitates the task 4.2.1 “Different well design alternatives electing a final design based on technical, economic and HSE criteria” and partially comprises the task 4.2.3 “Capture Transport, and storage facilities outline”, including only the storage facilities section.

D5.1 Methodological guidelines for risk assessment

This report details the method that will guide the work performed as part of work package (WP) 5 “Safety and performance” of the PilotSTRATEGY project. A robust and shared method for risk management is needed to increase the chance that future CO₂ geological storage pilots can be operated with the highest level of safety and performance.

D6.1 - Regulatory framework for CCUS in the EU and its Member States: An analysis for the EU, six Member States and the UK

In the present report, the political, legislative and financial support system for CCU, but mainly for CCS activities on the EU‐level along with seven Member States and the UK are being analysed. The countries studied comprise the PilotSTRATEGY countries (Portugal, Spain, France, Poland and Greece) and in addition the Netherlands as a Member State and the UK, both as countries more advanced on developing frameworks for CCS. The report highlights the role of EU legislation in the context of development of CCS projects in the Member States. In addition, it analyses the transposition of EU legislation into national law and provides information on further national legislation or support instruments relevant in the context.

D6.2 - Community Acceptance: Findings from community profiles and first local survey

This deliverable by PilotSTRATEGY WP6 on Social Acceptance and Community Engagement reports work on understanding societal contexts in the regions under study in this Horizon 2020 project.WP6 has so far focussed on characterizing the overall setting in which the discussions around potential geological storage of CO2 take place. In a next step, WP6 will centre on actual engagement and participation with key stakeholders and other members of local communities.

D6.2 - Annex 1: Media Analysis Report

D6.2 - Annex 2: Interview Report

D6.2 - Annex 3: Survey findings

D6.3 Citizen engagement strategy

The main objective of this document is to design a hybrid consultation and research strategy to be implemented in the study regions, with the aim of gathering local public views on CCS technologies and a potential CO2 storage project in the region, and to improve the quality of public engagement with CCS projects. The findings and conclusions from the research will provide valuable insights for future CCS projects, as well as inform the development of future public engagement strategies. The activity serves as a valuable tool for the scientific community, policy makers, and stakeholders in the energy sector, as it sheds light on the critical importance of public engagement and community involvement in the development of CCS technologies.

D7.3 Project branding, website design & social media account

The PilotSTRATEGY branding, website and social media accounts are essential communication tools, which define the project image and provide a hub for all project details, activities and results, and more information about geological CO2 storage sites in industrial regions of Southern and Eastern Europe for the purpose of large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) development.

This document outlines the processes that were followed from establishing the branding & website brief through to developing the project website.

D7.4 Project poster and briefing leaflet

A project poster (PDF) and a project briefing (two-page summary in PDF format) have been prepared and will be translated in the 5 languages of the regions in focus, for partners to use in conferences and regional workshops to explain and raise awareness of the project. Deliverable D7.4 includes a copy of the branded documents.

A high-definition version of the poster and the leaflet have been sent to all partners and have been made available to the public via the project’s website

D7.9 Data Management Plan

The objective of the Data Management Plan (DMP) is to identify the data used and generated in the project and to outline how this data will be made findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable, in accordance with the principles of FAIR data management. This document adheres to the European Commission’s guidelines on FAIR data management in Horizon 2020 (version 3.0, 26th July 2016) and provides information about the collected data, including its purpose, utility, accessibility, and reusability.

This is an updated version of the project’s DMP and includes the selection of a repository for long- term data storage. The DMP will be continuously reviewed, updated, and completed throughout the project, with the final version constituting the project’s Final DMP (deliverable D7.10).